Ore smelting as the Celts

A weekend to try a mining historian and a group of blacksmiths in the Celtic Village Landersdorf at Thalmaessing, ore to melt - as the Celts 2,500 years ago. Whether it will succeed?


Exciting experiment: ore smelting as the Celts in Thalmaessing

Mining historian Arthur Rosenbauer, locksmith Günter Mainka and a few friends plunge into a suspense experiment with primitive, built celtic Design clay ovens they want to win wrought-grade iron - as the Celts had.Weil once made the Celts left no written records, you can her trace metal knowledge today only by appropriate tests.

Waiting for the "white vapor" to start extractive metallurgy

Traunreut (he). Traunreut is the first site of a geothermal drilling in the district of Traunstein. As such, it fits very well that the city - as reported - today and tomorrow as a center of geothermal experts will. Here, namely the Technical Committee meeting of the Geothermal Society for Mining, Metallurgy, Resource and Environmental (GDMB). For this spring, more than 40 experts from all over Germany and Switzerland have announced.


The 50 meter high tower is the landmark of the geothermal borehole at Weis Brunn. On the right, Thomas New, Traunreut the Managing Director of Power Company. Photos: he
Wanted to invest why the Munich-based investor group Grünwald Equity Geothermal GmbH calculated in Traunreut 70 million euros in a geothermal project has three main reasons: the existence of a remote heating network, the presence of numerous findings in the subsurface and third, the groundwork for a project developer, the idea for this had, but not the sufficient funds.

And so it happened that the green forest in search of equity investments in this project in the district of Traunstein came. "Grew up in the coal" in the person of Thomas Neu from Virginia who, as he says himself, is, investors have found a man who has made this project to his heart's desire and with a mixture of stress, persuasion and noise drives - so that should as soon as possible white smoke from the drill site in the White Brunner rising field.

The comparison to the papal election is close. For centuries, observers have erupted in cheers when the Sistine Chapel in Rome, white smoke rose and announced that a successful Election. Or so the employees are new to the drill site in Weis Brunn, led by Thomas, to be very happy if this white steam gushes out of the over four kilometers deep hole.

If that were so far is that the giant drill - composed of nothing but the way some eleven meters long drill parts - advanced into the region in which the hot water is so eagerly sought. Currently, the drill at a depth of around 4300 meters and has reached that reaches the top of the local malmkarstic, an educated, some 150 million years ago, limestone layer. If this layer is about 500 meters thick drilled, then should come the drills in the water-bearing area. This water should then be hot around 130 degrees - and come up with an appropriate vapor pressure at the surface - each in an amount of 130 liters per second.

This important event should occur, according to the schedule from mid-July and mid August. This is followed by first a period of several weeks of ongoing pumping test before it sets about to "dig" the second the same deep hole so that water can return to where it came from - after it has released over a heat exchanger, its heat or energy .

To recruit, metallurgy is also focusing on training

Echecolonea Herve Langlois and Kevin find a job from their technician training machining. (Julie Verdom)
We can no longer recruit, "laments Jean Bellocq, the manager of Metallization Béarnaise, a metallurgical company located Beyrie-en-Béarn." There are more skills. It is necessary that people form, and do not worry, they will work, there is room! "To train, this is exactly what the Centre offers apprenticeship training in the industry (CFAI) of the Adour, which part of the premises is located in Bordes.

When someone wants to reorient themselves professionally metallurgy, it may follow a readiness to use (POE), that is to say 400 hours of training center and two-week internship. For this preparation, he acquired the basics of metal trades and can then target training to specific jobs.

Kevin Lee, 20, spent a tray of pro motorcycle mechanic. "This is an area blocked: I did not find any company to hire me. Employment center offered me this readiness to use redirects for me and that I find work." After his two-week internship at Turbomeca, included in the PEO (1), he chose to continue his training in vocational baccalaureate technician machining CFAI Adour, alternating at Turbomeca, where he will be hired to theoretically derived from his two years of training.

Echecolonea Herve, 21, has also chosen a reorientation. After a technical baccalaureate in mechanical engineering, he began a BTS, he leaves at the end of the first year. "This does not please me, and a friend told me about this course, we all followed. Today, I am alternately with Béarnaise Metallization." And the boss of the company seems determined to keep his house Hervé: "I hope he stays yes, it is very hard to find someone! I currently looking for two qualified millers-turners, with of experience. I spent a lot of ads on the internet, in newspapers, employment center. But nothing to do! We need the people here are motivated to form, otherwise we will pick up workers else! " The message is clear.

That is why the local mission of Pau, employment center and the Union of Industrial and metal trades, through the CFAI Adour, are mobilizing to publicize the metal so that young or old, are formed in this sector which recruits.

(A) On 24 September, a new period of readiness to commence employment. To register, you must get closer to the employment center or local missions, including space for the local mission work of Pau (05 59 98 90 40).

>> Metallurgy needs hands

Today in the department, there are 120 vacancies in the metal, which is the third sector of the department by Valerie Aubourg of the Union of Industrial and metal trades. Small business, as in Metallization Béarnaise Beyrie, major groups, as Safran, everyone is looking for skilled workers. This is a very diverse sector: metallurgy is the work of materials, parts, which will serve the aerospace, oil companies, chemistry, agriculture, rail industry. Therefore a very promising sector. Thousand jobs will be filled over the next two years.

Three mining companies in Katanga would cooperate with the World Bank for more reliable power line Inga-Kolwezi

Three mining companies in Katanga would cooperate with the World Bank for more reliable power line Inga-Kolwezi

Kinshasa, 05/07/2012 / Economy

The reliability of the power line Inga-Kolwezi in there carrying 1,000 MW is being considered by three mining companies in Katanga willing to finance this project with assistance from the World Bank in a beautiful synergy of partnership a copy

The World Bank and three mining companies in Katanga have partnered to the reliability of the power line Inga-Kolwezi. Ultimately, it is this path to route 1 000 MW. The Board of Directors of The World Bank approved 28 June 2012 additional funding in the form of a grant from the International Development Association (IDA) amounting to USD 201.5 million to strengthen the capacity of energy transport in the DRC in order to better meet the national demand for energy in this country and support the integration of this country in regional energy market in Southern Africa.

This additional funding will be used primarily to restore the long transmission line of 2,300 km connecting the Inga site in Zambia. This further strengthens the project underway with the National Electricity Company; project in which are put to three mining companies in Katanga, including KCC, and MUMI Kansuki. If the World Bank project is intended primarily to production for export to Southern African Power Pool (SAPP) which connects the power grids of twelve countries, ten countries in the subregion of Southern Africa (Angola Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia, Zimbabwe), the project managed on behalf of mining companies from Kolwezi is part of strengthening the mining industry in Katanga.

Genesis Project

Mega-merger move in metallurgy

RUSAL and Norilsk want to solve their own problems (Summary)
MOSCOW, 25 November (RIA Novosti). The planned mega-merger between
the non-ferrous and precious metals producer Norilsk Nickel and
aluminum company RUSAL has been postponed because of the financial
crisis until further notice.

"At this stage we need to focus on solving problems that are facing
our company," said Vladimir Potanin, head of the conglomerate
Interros, on Tuesday in Moscow. Interros owns approximately 30 percent
of Norilsk shares. His group is also open for cooperation on the board
of Norilsk Nickel, Alisher, especially with the holding company of
billionaire Usmanov Metalloinvest. Previously Metalloinvest had bought
about five percent of the shares of Norilsk Nickel on the market.

Oleg Deripaska, which holds the world's largest aluminum company
RUSAL 25 percent plus two shares in Norilsk Nickel, confirmed the
information.

Deripaska took over in late April this year, the package of Norilsk
Nickel's shares at the Onexim Group of Mikhail Prokhorov. Potanin and
Usmanov late May signed a memorandum on joint investments in the
mining and metallurgy industry in Russia and abroad. The aim was to
rise within five years, the worldwide industry leader, it said. At
that time, was also Deripaska conglomerate Basic Element (Basel),
called for cooperation.

In addition, Gallagher Group Usmanows expressed the intention to
purchase up to ten percent of Norilsk shares. Interros plans to
acquire a blocking minority in Metalloinvest. The planned joint
investment value the site at around 60 billion U.S. dollars.

Previously had been planned to carry out the merger on the basis of
Interros and Metalloinvest. Negotiations began after Prokhorov had
announced the sale of a 25-percent blocking minority in Norilsk in
April at the RUSAL group known. The merger of Interros with
Metalloinvest was regarded as an alternative to the merger with RUSAL.
In May, the Deripaska takeover of the blocking minority at Norilsk
Nickel signed and sealed, which Interros and Metalloinvest their
merger talks ceased.

Norilsk Nickel is one of the world's largest producers of non-ferrous
and precious metals. In the company accounts for more than 20 percent
of global production of nickel, more than ten percent of cobalt and
three percent of copper production. In Russia, the Group controlled 96
percent of the production of nickel, 55 percent of copper and 95
percent of cobalt.

Gas and gold

Peter Hayes: Degussa in the Third Reich. From Cooperation to
Complicity. Translated from English by Anne Emmert, Ursula Schäfer and
Heike Schlatterer. Verlag CH Beck, Munich 2004. 486 pages, 34.90 [€].

Peter Hayes' eagerly awaited story of the German gold and silver
refinery can be read in very different ways. Although fundamentally
different in approach, both interpretations are legitimate and well
founded. Most readers will find their expectations confirmed and
recognized in the Frankfurter chemical companies the witches' cauldron
of Nazi aggression and murder, which is the object of hatred of the
"Holocaust industry" has become. Anyone who reads the book carefully
learns, though also with growing amazement that none of the
allegations against the historic core Degussa - is to really harden -
Responsibility for the Holocaust with Zyklon B, enrichment of forced
labor and looted gold. Nevertheless, it allows deep insight into the
dilemmas of entrepreneurs and maneuver the Nazi period.

The first reading speaks for the first production application of
Degussa. Through their furnaces went most of the gold that the Nazis
in occupied Europe claimed as booty or decreased to the victims of the
Holocaust. It produced metal alloys and chemicals, additives for
strategic Buna and steel, which were received as well as the divorced
from her silver in many high-tech weapons of the Wehrmacht. Dual
military equipment such as gas masks and bomb she had also on offer.
Above all, it was at 42.5 percent of the German Society for Pest
Control Ltd. (Degesch) involved in that "insecticides" delivered
Zyklon B, the SS in the years 1942 to 1944 in Auschwitz and Majdanek
to abused, round one million people to murder. Pandora's box contained
a lot more. Had the regime for the gas or nuclear war decided it would
have been the object of the Degussa to provide the necessary
ingredients for these crimes.

This range of products made by Degussa in war and peace into a
thriving enterprise. As early as 1924 to 1933, the value of the small
but mighty company to more than double. After 1938, the momentum to
rise again, so that the value of Degussa in the "Third Reich" then
doubled again. Although the collapse of 1945 a large portion of the
increase was again destroyed by Degussa was rich from the war - as
well as in wealth of know-how. Like most German companies are paying
entrepreneurial opportunism and the unconditional recognition of the
primacy of politics for the long term from Degussa. For this reason,
they had - like all Germans - their share of responsibility for the
crimes that could commit the Nazi regime with its help. But they also
benefited in a material sense of these crimes - robbery of gold,
forced labor and the Holocaust?

Hayes warns his readers not with hypocrisy. Anyone who reads the book
should find humility before the realities of human nature and be able
to "read" the story of the "Third Reich" from 1933 to 1945 - and not
go off the rails a retrospective examination of 1945 to 1933. The only
way to contemporary thinking and maneuver adequately assess. In fact,
the story differs little from the Degussa after 1933 the majority of
German companies. Neither one was in Frankfurt before 1933 supporters
of the Hitler movement, yet you jumped straight to the moving train.
On the contrary, Degussa was initially a lengthy boycott of dentists
exposed, because six of their board positions were occupied by "Jews".
Until 1938, she succeeded well, largely to escape the dreaded arms
race. The threat of a hostile takeover by the early Nazified Henkel
works (of which you as a supplier for "Persil" was dependent) and
increasing pressure from the military planners could finally break the
dams. Degussa made himself indispensable to the regime.

In addition to the Prussian State Mint, Degussa was the only company
that was the sheaths of gold in the situation. "Nazi Gold" - also from
the Holocaust - had therefore almost necessarily go through the
Frankfurt furnaces. Therefore, Degussa was used again in 1947 as a way
station, this time made safe "concentration camp gold", the
international refugee organizations was provided. Before 1945 was
"Nazi Gold" from about 15 percent of gold sales. The vagina of course,
a charge brought only a fraction of what the Reichsbank and the
participating banks drew from this turbid source. Degussa has
benefited much more from the processing of in occupied Europe
purchased at international market prices precious metals.

Even greater attention should Hayes' findings about Auschwitz and
Zyklon B are. What began in 1940 with the "outgassing" of SS
accommodation and the creation of disinfection chambers, took from
April 1941 to one of Tesch & Stabenow (Testa) - the competent, acting
largely independent distributor of Degesch - confusing history. The SS
itself acquired the national license for the use of Zyklon B and was
able to start independently of the experts of the Testa in September
to experiment with the "gasification" to people. Tesch probably
guessed since summer 1942, the murderous abuse of his deliveries, but
let it happen, because he hoped for support from the SS in a dispute
with the Degesch.

It is unlikely that Degussa and Degesch, or even the remaining
shareholders of the abuse of "insecticides" have known. Since only one
percent of total sales of Zyklon B to Auschwitz went and got the win
in only a fraction (RM 1487.50) to Degussa, this was not open to even
out the numbers. The Degesch (not the Degussa) advanced course in a
particular context, also in the vicinity of the Holocaust. She was
inspired by Kurt Gerstein, a fluctuating between resistance and
complicity SS man to move, the alleged "humanization" of euthanasia to
make small quantities of Testa past Zyklon B to Auschwitz without
warning material for disposal. This addition, however, was at this
time due to shortage of raw materials and otherwise scarcely contained
in Zyklon B, so that even in the much larger quantities, the Testa
delivered to Auschwitz, was not effective.

The clarification of the role that Degussa has played in the system of
Nazi crimes, can arise at any time and even doubts about the injustice
of the responsibility of Degussa, but in many cases allows a better
understanding of the causes of corporate compliance. This also applies
to the use of forced labor, which - as the author rightly emphasizes -
not to explain the motive of enrichment. Forced laborers caused the
company - not just at Degussa - usually more expensive than German
workers. He sees the use of this false argument rather an inevitable
consequence of the American legal system that requires this allegation
as a claim for compensation claims basis. Hayes' political history of
the company Degussa is an important step toward convincing realism by
analyzing the role of business in the Nazi era.

Evaporation and vapor deposition processes in the extractive metallurgy

The carbonyl process is treated as an example of evaporation and vapor
deposition process in which no change since its introduction, the
underlying chemical reactions, however, noted a significant
development in the technical realization. Also in the field of
lead-and zinc-pyrometallurgy there are numerous evaporation and vapor
deposition methods. In detail, especially the Imperial Smelting
Furnace, vacuum distillation for the purification of zinc and
zinc-mining a proposal to be treated according to the moving melt
process. Continue to be guided by the technical separation of pyrite
and minor constituents of nickel oxide sinter with the chloride
evaporation treated and discussed the mechanisms involved in the
segregation process for processing copper ore and low grade lateritic
nickel ores. It ends with evaporation and vapor deposition processes
during the iron-prevention in the presence of alkaline and zinc and
the increased smoke in the oxygen steel process.